Social Exclusion
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Abstract
In contemporary societies, there has been a derivative need to devolve social-concept to all individuals considerably. This devolution seeks to minimize the occurrences of prejudices and discrimination as this may have adverse effects on the mental and physical state of individuals. As a result, there is a coherent need to pursue social concept based on benevolence and unity and not inequality. In relation to this, social concept will seek to present a superior approach towards countering social exclusion. Social exclusion is largely perceived as derailing concept towards achieving peace in addition to harmony in a given society ‘S.’ Since social exclusion is based on disunity and prejudice syndromes it is essential to develop strategies to mitigate its occurrence.
This research will attempt to prove that societies can achieve maturity in health if social exclusion is managed in a broader methodology. The research will further ascertain chronic mental and health problems can primarily be caused by social exclusion. To achieve this, the research is segmented into two main parts and one secondary part. The secondary part is a relative definition on what is social exclusion.On the other hand, the primary part one will explore the relationship between social exclusion and health. The secondary part will advocate a chief policy Cross Cultural Self Identity and Self Justification (CCSISJ) and how this can be applied to achieve self-concept.
Social Exclusion
Commonly known as marginalization, social exclusion can be referred as enactment of prejudices against a minority group, race or gender. These prejudices can be practices in wide range manners. Most of the practices are lethal where as others are legal. The term social exclusion has been an abrupt with recent origin attempting to equate occupation subject and changes in the overall social policy. Ward (2009, pp. 238) argues that the term social exclusion as certainly the usage of social power for all bad reasons. Therefore, the very occurrence of social exclusion means that something needs to be done to integrate it to social policy.
Social Exclusion and Health
During medieval slavery times, the death rate amongst the marginalized black people was relatively higher as compared to the white people. Common problems can be associated with mental health and as well, the occurrence of learning disabilities. As a result, social exclusion is primarily responsible non-participation of people in key activities of a given social framework. For this reason, the affected will naturally feel disadvantaged from health and learning disabilities services. Hussain (2013, pp. 23) further asserts there is a complexity between fear, learning disabilities, and mental health. In the debate of social exclusion, one will notice the complexity between social health problems and exclusion. This relationship can also be extended to equate mental health problems and learning disabilities.
Low self-esteem and health
Social exclusion is primarily responsible for instigating instances of low self-esteem. Hussain (2013, pp. 23) argues that when self-exclusion is played, the subject may suffer gradual effects of self-denial. This is a consequent to nervous breakdown and acceleration of mental health situations. Additionally, low self-esteem is primarily responsible for the enactment of general selfishness. Marmot (2003, pp. 574) further argues that the low-self esteem influences one general health in a much grievous method. An individual will naturally be concerned in himself and the assessment of stigma. To a greater, self-esteem will naturally influence the assessment of lifestyle decisions. Close-personal evaluation will naturally affect the quality of principles that an individual harbors.
Technically, the presence of self-exclusion means that the self-esteem will be absent. The absence of self-esteem means that there is no justification for the presence of helplessness. Hence, there is an occurrence of medical state condition. On the other, there is no relative justification of tangible of well-being that cannot be applied to guarantee the worth of own right. In fact, through self-esteem, health educators will traditionally presume that an individual can look after his or own self. This paradox is primarily responsible for the creation of master-servant syndrome with compliance being the underlying solidification. Alternatively, people who are not socially excluded from pressures of self-convictions and the creation of courage. Indeed, self-esteem is instrumental in handling fear. In summary, Macdonald (2002, pp. 299) supplements that; self-esteem is applied to apprehend threatening conditions where the minor culture feels intrinsically obliged to serve the senior culture and its absence means that an individual will feel as if he is living in vigilant situation.
Suicidal feelings and health
In social exclusion situations, there is a higher rate of self-denial, which inversely leads to the development of suicidal feelings. Now it should be noted that suicidal ideation among the minor community is primarily responsible for the development of mental health problems. Rihmer (2007, pp. 92) defines suicide as means of taking personal life instead of living. In discriminative situations, a depressive individual may feel out of control and the only way to improve suicide. Now when an individual is suffering approval or disapproval in favor or rejection of suicide, health becomes a serious concern.
In social exclusions, mental health professions argue that the suicide ideation leads an individual towards reluctances in approaching an individual total capacity to apprehend a given situation. The individual piles-up mentally disturbing secrets. These piles naturally inspire suicidal thoughts of rejuvenation. For instance, an individual may contest the prevailing social norm; for instance, classism as primarily responsible for causing poverty. The situation may become grievous if the individual pessimistic about the situation and this may not change or improve in any given situation. In fact, to apprehend the situation, mental health practitioners will naturally check for possible humiliations. Humiliations are common in social exclusions. The minor group will naturally think that their situation is how it is because there is an underlying justification seconding it. In a suicidal brain, there is a depressing match between detailed plan of self-rejuvenation or just vague fantasy.
Ethnicity and health
In social exclusions, there is an eminent desire for a major group to control the minor group. The dominant group will naturally instill prejudices against the minor group. Psychologically, sources of prejudices can be diverse to affect mental and personality development. The situation becomes catalyst and vicious especially when the social exclusion is based on ethnic principles. Ethnic factor is inherent and it is not something that one can change. Baumann (2013, pp. 440) argues that an ethnic prejudice is not a product of any single process. Additionally, in play, biological explanation of other theories does have certain solidification.
For this reason, this argument appoints relevant psychological theories; for instance, social learning theory to examine the underlying theories which are applied to explain the power of a given ethnic group. It is also prudent to introduce the conflict theory to explain the nature of social prejudice. While the coerced group may fail to appoint a relevant justification to highlight individual causes of a given aspect, it is prudent to note that the complexity and the multi nature of prejudices will often call for the development for the synthesis.
Now it should be noted that ethnic prejudices have serious causes to mental health at the primary stage and corrosive physical health at later situation. For example, after a genocide situation, research has reported that individuals are often traumatized to beyond repair levels. That is why; in countries like Rwanda or Cambodia, survivors often suffer grievous traumatic types. The worst suffered disease in this countries is Alzheimer. This disease combined with, Avoidant personality disorder, Agoraphobia and Depersonalization which are primarily responsible for causing Traumatic Brain Injury commonly known as TBI.
With such a framework, one will not fail to notice the particular periods of occurrence of these diseases. In a 1998 study (Turkington, 2003), it was reported that Alzheimer disease has a higher preferences with people between ages 20-59. It should be recalled that this age is critical because it is the productive age, and when the age feels its potential is not being realized then there is a higher consequence of Alzheimer occurrence.
It should be noted that although dementia is a global phenomenon within the cultural context, an aspect of social globalization is explained better in social or political terms. Research has been centered to examine the role of marginalization in causing dermatological and sociological perspective with the view of increasing understanding on social exclusion. In medieval cosmopolitan societies, older people were marginalized socially based on color.
Additionally, people with various dementias are excluded on the basis of cognitive citizenship. For example, there is a stereotype circulating in western hemispheres that white people are much better compared to the black people. A close example of these stereotypes is Dr. James Watson who argued that black people are naturally stupid, and it is in their blood to be like that. Watson conducted a premeditated scientific proof by use of DNA structure to prove that black people are mentally challenged. In his assessment, Watson applied words; for example, inherently gloomy to argue the existence of superiority and inferiority disparities. While this approach can be justified subsequently, based on Watson biological calculation, it should be noted that by mere existence of these assessments is morally and psychologically hurting to the black society.
Whilst the socially excluding culture may boast of snobbish, boastful and tyrannical complexes, the seconding inferior culture may suffer a great deal of rejection. Human beings are based on their personal judgments syndrome. These people may suffer from inordinate desire for revenge, grief and loud laughter. Again, the socially excluding society is primarily responsible for directing conversation and attention towards the enactment of telepathic powers based on Watson ideologies.
It should be noted that in racist societies, stereotypical approaches based on social exclusion Watson theories are primarily responsible in causing childhood illnesses. By the age of four, fifty percent of total brain development has developed (Maggioli et al., 2013, pp. 1047). This means that a child is capable of understanding social exclusion traits existing in a given society. In fact, childhood illnesses may be an obstacle to proper development of child social interests and this may influence the development of a child physical capabilities. As a result, this may cause physical deformities of the growing child. Other diseases may demonstrate outward deformity, anxiety, and this may cause improper functionality of the body normal mechanism. Common physical disease include; childhood meningitis and anemia.
Depression and health
Much of the debate being pursued in this research examines the striking relationship between social exclusion and stress. Each of these is associated with complex poor social skills, loneliness, interpersonal rejection, and problematic experiences based on family, race, or gender. Hofmann (2010, pp. 1119) argues that interpersonal phenomena in relation to social exclusion is primarily responsible for causing social anxiety. Social anxiety is the primary stage of depression as the individual will not consider personal self as worth in the society. This account place a higher degree of social anxiety and the development of self-presentation concerns. Additionally, depression may cause effectiveness in the social encounter and the feeling of isolation or exclusion naturally catalyzes the situation.
In addition, it is good to note that social exclusions are primarily responsible in subjecting a given society to an undesirable social pattern. The issue of subjectivism has been primarily responsible for the accelerating frustrating incidences and inversely causing depression and grievous mental and physical diseases. The subjected society will often feel striped off the natural powers to react to given situations. In most cases, the excluded classes will results to the development of lower incidences of the self-conception, and alternatively as stated, depression will thrive. This not only causes mental dysfunction, but the individual will also suffer inabilities to react proactively.
Drugs and Alcohol
Recently, there has been the publication of the ten most alcohol consuming countries. Now when it comes to alcohol consumption, there has been a general introduction to alcohol. The debate of why people take alcohol or drugs has been a long generated debate in the psychiatrist practice. Most of the answers will attempt to justify intake of alcohol to general desperation factor. People will take alcohol because they desire to forget about their current situation. It is common knowledge that the society is divided into various classes. Most of these classes will naturally perceive each other differently. In fact, to challenge the aspect of classism, alcohol becomes a revolving neutralizer. Largely, alcohol is not perceived as a drug, but quencher or social lubricant. Thus, people will drink alcohol because the desire to be united in a given social class one that beats the odds of social exclusion.
Now alcohol is not a problem, the volume of intake is a problem. Kurtz (2002, pp. 17) argues that the nature of alcoholism as a health affecting factor depends on the approach that the medical community will have about alcoholism. Physicians represent the dominant healing profession in most societies. These terms can be a disease, illness or sickness. There is a general assessment of treatment of conditions effectively. Krutz, further argues that designations of alcoholism as a disease becomes political and not scientific bewilderment. However, a health problem is still a health problem, and largely, alcoholism is primarily responsible for causing mental or physical health problems on aggregate.
Policies to Mitigate Social Exclusion
As assessed earlier, social exclusion is largely a rational factor that has no proper justification in its occurrence. In this regard, it is necessary to develop relevant policies to manage social exclusion. This research proposes Cross Cultural Self Identity and Self Justification (CCSISJ) Policy. The policy is based on knowledge that social exclusion is a complex idea that accelerates stereotypes, discrimination, and prejudices. Hence, having the knowledge of stereotypes and discrimination backgrounds will aid the development of CCSISJ. Foster et al. (2004, pp. 226) found that high and low social exclusion individuals are equally knowledgeable on the content of stereotypes. For this reason, applying CCSISJ approach is based on moral relativism/ equality and not balkanization. CCSISJ policy will further instill a sense of self-confidence amongst marginalized group.
CCSISJ policy will attack social exclusion by enhancing awareness not only in the marginalized groups but also in the predominant group. Seconding this is the contemporary policy of cosmopolitanism. Gitelman (2010, pp. 524) argues that cosmopolitanism can be applied to creating and enhance harmony between conflicting groups. To understand this phenomenon, the research considers the distinction between individuals in relation to conscious awareness and explicit social exclusion in a given society ‘S’. Assuming society ‘S’ is a composition of one primary race, and two secondary races. Also, society ‘S’ is composed of classes such as; economically challenged, the middle class, and the upper class. The seconding theory of cosmopolitanism can be enacted through education sectors or the prevailing religion. In particular, for schools, it will be a prerequisite to develop a curriculum one that prohibits social exclusion. A good example is enactment sociology classes in all faculties.
Governments through legislation can minimize occurrences of social exclusion. According to Racismnoway (2014), countries are required by United Nations Education Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to develop pieces of legislation, which will minimize social exclusion. This approach is seconded by Silberman and Morrison (2007, pp.32) who argues that, in relation to social exclusion, the government should provide a certificate to marginalized groups warranting to raise an alarm if the situation of social exclusion is witnessed. This will empower the development of legal framework one that seeks to protect individuals, and largely to instill a social phenomenon of self-concept and self-identity.
Finally, it will be necessary to incorporate CCSISJ into a wider legislation mechanism one that seeks enable funding for counseling initiative to minimize social exclusion. In light with this, the policy will mobilize funds from well-wishers, NGOs, and the government to facilitate programs that will minimize social exclusion. As a result, there will be a derivative necessity to develop in detail a CCSISJ program one that will further foster social liberalization ideologies.
Conclusion
This research has examined in detail the ideology of social exclusion. In particular, social exclusion has been argued as the enactment of policies that seek to foster discrimination and prejudices amongst individuals. The research has further ascertained that social exclusion is primarily responsible for causing mental and physical diseases such Alzheimer. As a result of the destructive nature of social exclusion, the research has provided resultant policies courtesy of Cross Cultural Self Identity and Self Justification (CCSISJ). This policy seconded by CCSISJ program and cosmopolitanism policy will seek to minimize the negative effect of social exclusion.
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