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1. Reasons provided in the film for Prison boom beginning in the 1970s
Incarceration involves jail term confinements of people. The Prison boom is the trend in incarceration rates that have doubled more than in the past years. This is because since the rising of the drug war and the explosion of prison large population due to discretion within its system allowing the arrest and prosecution of people of color, which has alarmingly higher rates than that of whites which is the new criminal penalties according to Jim Crow, black people being more targeted at arrests and prosecution. The prison population had drastically increased since the end of the black movement and Civil rights. Whites seemed to be having drastically inferior positions.
Lack of convincing evidence that can be used to track the prisoners both in prison life and after prison life seemed contracted—no connections of the data related to the crime of the prisoners. There was a selection bias of the people to be sent to Prison.
2. Have 5 % of the population and 25 % of the world’s most significant population
The prison population list indicates a breakdown of the total population in prison. The number of people in jail accounted for 25 % of the prison population. The strict law servers clearly show that the sentencing culture has been overlooked while giving vague jail terms. Policymakers had to be installed (as a suggestion) to test for population rise in the prisons. Incarceration is then brutal to be compared to other prisons.
3. African Americans made up 12 % of the American population but 38 %of the prison population.
Most of the African American imprisoned has been due to racism. The rate of Black people’s imprisonment is more significant than the speed of white imprisonment. Racial and ethical differences have been the main source of higher Black people’s incarceration. Going to prison can hinder the development of the individual in terms of income and self-development. Most Black Americans are in jail majority being falsely imprisoned due to their difference in the race. It is believed that the black community is primarily involved in crimes compared to whites.
The consequences are either on an individual basis or a social basis. On a societal basis, it is believed that a high level of imprisonment in societies causes increased crime rates in the neighboring community back, personal experience the community, and personal crisis. The mass incarceration designed policies that dominated the white culture, mainly causing suppression to other races. The accomplishment of criminal justice cannot be recognized without the racism factor being addressed. The sentencing project produced by the state-level signifies that the black people have greatly been affected hence fairness disproportionately.
4. Roles of Civil rights movement in the 1960s
Using nonviolent protests, the civil rights movement managed to break the pattern of public services and justice acquirement being offered by the race dependency for the African Americans. The efforts made by the activists and protestors made the legislation to end racism segregation. The civil rights Act of 1960 helped strengthen the voter’s rights expanding the enforcement power of the Civil rights act 1957. The show included authorizing court-appointed referees intended to help the Black Americans register and vote, provide federal inspection of the local voters’ polling station rolls
The civil rights movement achieved the bus segregation unconstitutional, for it had lost much of its revenue through Jim Crows laws were still to be followed. The 1960 presidential elections were also closely achieved. The March on was declared in 1963 by the African American activist demanding jobs for the African Americans to be involved in the booming wartime economy. The protest was later brought down after agreeing that the ban on discrimination was removed. The 1960 civil right act gave rise to the 1964 civil right act, where more African American rights were supported, either economically or socially.
5. The US incarceration rate
The US rate is 500 prisoners per 100000. Men make up the largest population of the local jail population, and prisons have an imprisonment rate of 14 times that of women. The US has the highest population of prisoners. The incarceration rate is higher due to longer sentences and an increased likelihood of imprisonment.
6. State that imprisons blacks at a higher rate
Wisconsin is the leading county that imprisons the blacks at higher rates. At least one in a group of 36 Wisconsin is in prison. The Black population consists of 42 percent of the total population but only 6 percent of the entire state’s population.
7. In 1850, 3.2 million African Americans were enslaved. In 2007, there were 12.5 million African Americans under correction control.
8. Philadelphia jail population is at around 4600 people, which is approximately 38 %, black men
9. Why is the PA institutional law project suing the prison system in Philadelphia
This is because of the abuse and inhumane treatment in the prisons and overcrowding in the prison areas.
10. Discuss some of the reforms to reduce overcrowding in Philadelphia and the most successful method.
By giving out better information which allows visitors to plan their visit reducing delay rates
By managing the flow of the prisoners
By creating supportive experience used in dispersing visitors
The most efficient way is by building better infrastructures to a point where overcrowding can be avoided.
10. A blow boat is a flattened bottom boat powered by an airplane propeller projecting above the sterns and used in swamps or shallow waters.
11. Most of the people in the county jail are serving their sentences
16 – 17. Consequences after leaving prison with a felony record
Restrictions of professional licenses
Ineligibility for public funds, including welfare benefits
Loss of voting right
Deportation for immigrants
Some of these consequences are fair at some degree level
18 – 19.
Under Caste is hereditary social behaviors that restrict some of their occupation and association with others; in Racial Caste, it determines the association of other races other than his original. People with criminal records are banned from association with other people, communities, or races.
20- 21. Discretion is defined as the right of someone to make a decision.
Discretion gives the police the right to carry out their job at any circumstance; hence can falsely arrest an individual with the wrong case.
Change in evaluation is connected to the theoretical image of policy keeper; hence can cause inequitable consequences arising from the police power.
Stronger force can be used in bringing “peace “to the community
22.43 % of the participants envision are black drug users
23 – 24; Recidivism is a person’s relapse to criminal behavior after undergoing intervention of a previous crime. They have a higher rate because of community upbringing and lack of resources immediately after prison release.
25. About 38 ,500 people
26. Pre-entry is the action of entering beforehand.
27. The case has to be first passed at the local magistrates, which after several appeals, are passed to the high Court.
28 -31. suggestions listed towards the end of the war on drugs
By knowing how to resist temptation
By surrounding oneself with the right company that doesn’t use drugs
Distracting oneself with more valuable activities
Learning how to cope with stress by relaxing without the use of drugs
Avoiding places where one knows the drugs would be available
32 -35 Suggestions listed for criminal justice and prison reform
By focusing on evidence-based rehabilitation strategies
Reduce recidivism
Address, co behavior issues related to criminality
Offering guidance and counseling to the prisoners immediately after serving their sentences
36 -40. This video has helped educate people on sources of crimes and prison rules in different countries. Some of the policies by the prison rule are also stated.
References
Yin .R. K ., et .al (1976 ) A review of case studies of Technological investigation in state and local services.Santa Monica
Rogovin C ( 1973 ) The genesis of law enforcement assistance administration: a personal account. Columbia human rights law.Review 5 (1) 9 – 25
