Electric Motors
IntroductionAn electric motor is simply electromechanical equipment that is used to convert energies that are electrical to mechanical energies (Sloan & Sloan, 1999). The converted mechanical energy is then used for material lifting, compressor driving, blowers or fans and impeller pump rotation. Motors are at times termed as industrial horses since it is approximated that motors consume close to 65% of the total industry electrical load.
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc377017341” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc377017341 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc377017342” TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS PAGEREF _Toc377017342 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc377017343” DC motors PAGEREF _Toc377017343 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc377017344” Components PAGEREF _Toc377017344 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc377017345” References PAGEREF _Toc377017345 h 3
TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORSDC motorsThis kind or motors apply direct commonly referred to as unidirectional current. Direct current motors are applied in exceptional appliances where greater starting torque or rather smooth acceleration over a wide spectrum is needed (Miller, Miller, & Anderson, 2004).
Components Field pole
The interface between to surfaces with magnetic fields yields the rotation of direct current motors. The direct current motors contains field poles that are static plus and armature that drives the bearings within the space in between the field poles. Normal direct current motors have north and south poles though sophisticated motors have one or more electromagnets which source power externally and act as the field structures.
Armature
When current passes via the armature, they automatically become electromagnetic. The armature which is always cylindrical is connected to a shaft drive so as to drive the loads. In small direct current motors, the armature rotates within the field of magnetism created by the poles, to the point that south and north poles of the magnet vary the location with regard to the armature (Majec Training Consultants, 1985). When such happens, the current is inverted to turn on the north and south poles of the armature.
Commutator
This device is mostly common in direct current conductors. Its main function is to reverse the electric current direction in the armature. It also helps in the transmission of current from the power source to the armature.
AC Motors
These types of motors make use of electrical current, which overturns its direction at habitual intervals. It basically has two electrical components the rotor and the stator. The stator is a static electrical device. The rotor is the device that always rotates, which rotates the shaft motor. It has one major demerit that speed is more sophisticated to control for alternating current motors. A common solution for this is factoring in variable frequency drives though upgraded speed control is accompanied with less quality of power (Sloan & Sloan, 1999).
Synchronous motor
These types of motors are alternating current motors which operate on fixed speed set by the system frequency. However they still require direct current for the purposes of excitation and have low initial torque hence suitable for appliances that begin with fewer loads like motor generators, air compressors and frequency changes. They are capable of upgrading the power factors of systems hence the reason for the wide use in systems consuming much electricity.
Induction motor
These are mainly common motors applied in several industrial devices. They seem to be cheap and have less maintenance cost and also can be able to operate with alternating currents (Miller, Miller, & Anderson, 2004). They have to major components namely the rotor and the stator. With two main classifications namely single phase and three phase induction motors.
ReferencesMajec Training Consultants, I. (1985). Electric motors. Olathe, KS: Majec Video Productions.
Miller, R., Miller, M. R., & Anderson, E. P. (2004). Electric motors. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub.
Sloan, P., & Sloan, S. (1999). Electric motors. Littleton, MA: Sundance Pub.
