Effects of climatic change
Climate change has different effects in human and animal life in particular and the environment in general. Changes in climatic conditions such as air, temperature and precipitation affect various aspects of animal and human life (Ringius et al. (1996))
Fisheries are affected by altering habitat availability or quality. Their availability may be affected by changes in water temperature; the magnitude and pattern and pattern of annual stream flows; surface water deviations and the snowlines of lakes marine reservoirs and near shore marine environments (carpenter et al, 1992). Mean annual temperature changes the distribution of fish in large lakes. Large lake fish production could increase about 6% with 1% in average annual temperature (meisner et al, 1987 IPCC 1996, WG 2 SECTION 16.2.1).warm lakes generally have higher productivity than cold water lakes and existing warm lakes will be in areas with the least change in temperature. Elevated temperatures shift the centers of production and composition of fish species as ecosystem move geographically and change internally. This is in contrast to freshwater species (herons et al; 1995).
Climate change has effects on gender. Flooding, for example, leads to women experiencing increasing care giving responsibilities when men in their families resisted evacuation and were less likely to delay evacuation, in part due to concerned about the safety of youth. People are also pushed to new residential areas. In such an event, kinship networks frequently provide immediate temporary housing for those who evacuate from disaster, and it is often women’s extended networks that pull members and resources to aid in successful evacuation(lit,2008). Accommodation in shelters and temporary housing communities are not always designed around the needs of women and children (Emerson, 1999).migration out of a flooded region can lead to an increase in female headed households and women’s care giving responsibilities there is also different patterns of return migration. In U.S.A, for, example, there are gender dimensions to Katrina related migration which shed light on the broader association between migration, gender and disasters. There were several distinct migration flow as residents returned to new Orleans and, in general early analysis suggested that the return migration. Streams resulted in a city that was whiter, older and more affluent (falk et al; 2006; Frey et al).
Extreme weather conditions, for example, floods, storms, fogs cause deaths, injuries, certain infectious diseases and mental health disorders. Organic and biological systems that determine the spread of infectious diseases typically are sensitive to climatic variables.net climatic change related increases in the geographic distribution of vector organisms, for example, ticks, mosquitoes and flies of various infectious diseases, along with changes in life cycle dynamics of vectors and infectious parasite, would in aggregate, increase the potential for transmission of many vector-borne diseases in Europe. Summer conditions Europe are warm enough in some countries for native mosquito species to spread malaria. An increased frequency of severity of heat waves would increase in heat related mortality and illness. In contrast, less severe cold weather would reduce deaths in winter. Climatic change would also affect human health indirectly through other impacts, for example, a potentially important human health impact would result from deterioration in social and economic circumstances that might arise from effects of climatic change on patterns of employment, wealth distribution population mobility and settlement.
Conclusion:
Climate is a vice in the modern world that need to be addressed in order to alleviate some of the risks mentioned earlier flora and fauna. Various groups of people across the globe should come together since this is a universal problem.
References:
Antoine, ettiene,p,de guchteneire,p,(2011). Migration and climate change.Cambridge:UNESCO, NEW YORK.
Cambrige university press 1998(ntergovernmental panel on climate change, unep.
Integral panel on climate change,working group 2: an assessment on vulnerability.
