Describe the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol model

Presented to

Institution

The Open System Interconnection (OSI) protocol model was developed because of the need for international networking standards designed to facilitate effective communication between software and hardware systems with differing underlying architectures. The OSI protocol Model allows a network communication to take place without any problem (Oracle, 2010). The figure below represents the OSI protocol showing the seven models. Seven layers form part of an international program that develops data-networking protocols. Each of the seven layers making up the OSI protocol has a distinct function.

INCLUDEPICTURE “http://docwiki.cisco.com/w/images/0/08/CT843001.jpg” * MERGEFORMATINET

Figure 1: the OSI Protocol Model

The physical layer forms the first layer and defines the physical and electrical properties together with the device operating specifications. In general, the physical layer physically connects the media. The second layer functions as the Data Link layer. This layer provides a means of transferring data between network modes within a wide area of networks like; IEEE, FDDI etc. in addition, the Data Link layer serves as an error detector and provides the necessary corrections (Zadri, 2010).

The Network layer forms the third model whose function is to forward and route data through the model logical paths between connection nodes. In addition, this layer handles errors, quality service control, and packet sequencing. The fourth layer is called Transport layer. This layer transfers segments between nodes, together with recovery and flow control of data. The Session layer takes control of any tear and wear of connection sessions occurring between network nodes. The protocol data unit in use at this layer is called ‘data’. Presentation layer forms the sixth layer. This layer presents data from all applications and breaking it down to be used in the session layer. In addition, it formats data to be sent to other nodes. The final layer is called Application layer, which handles the initial network connections. On this layer, the user, or applicant, types in activities like, web browsing, sending emails, etc (Zadri, 2010).

References

Oracle. (2010). Protocol Layers and the Open Systems Interconnection Model. Retrieved from:

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/816-4554/ipov-7/index.html

Zadri, J. (2010). Introduction to OSI Model. Retrieved from:

HYPERLINK “http://www.petri.co.il/introduction-” http://www.petri.co.il/introduction-

to-the-osi-model.htm