Antibiotic Resistance caused By Factory Farming as a Public Health Issue

Would Approaching Antibiotic Resistance caused By Factory Farming as a Public Health Issue Decrease the Rates of Infectious Diseases for Americans?

From a future nurse perspective

Kadeane Alder Moo Young

09.02.2021

West Coast University.

Introduction.

Following the increase in demand for food and animal protein all over the world, intensive farming is conducted or what is otherwise known as factory farming and there is definite record of unpleasant antibiotic residues in the food products obtained from the animals and subsequently it has led to anti-microbial resistance. Antibiotic Resistance is a great public health concern due to the anti-biotic resistant bacteria associated with the animals cause disease in human being. The transmission of this antibiotic resistant diseases has been seen as conditions that can easily be transmitted from one person to the other and also from the animals through the food chains and also widely spread in the environment due to the waste generated by the factory farmed animals. The difficult to treat conditions, coupled with so much complications have brought about infections in human beings. The conditions are associated with higher healthcare costs and in worst case scenarios it leads to death. The increased consumption of the factory farmed animals will lead to an increase in anti-microbial resistance.

Article One: Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications.

An article published in PubMed Central and it investigated the consequences of antibiotic use in Agriculture and its consequential resistance in environmental sources as well as the potential public health implication of factory farming. The article has profound and solid information on antibiotic and antibiotic resistance in animals, the antibiotic residues in the animal-derived products and how factory farming and its products in particular end up in the environment causing pollution and how it also leads to anti-microbial resistance. CITATION Chr18 l 1033 (Christy Manyi-Loh, 2018).

The article will be important in addressing the topic antibiotic resistance caused by factory farming as a public health issue, as it is rich in information on the consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture. From the article, information on the correlation between antimicrobial resistance and factory farming will be drawn and understood and utilized appropriately. The information from the article will be used to give particular information on anti-microbial resistance and how it comes from factory farmed animals.

PubMed’s provision of MEDLINE and other National Library of Medicine (NLM) resources has made the database the most widely accessible in the world and the articles and journals found in the database are credible and can be referenced and used while taking a research. The database has certainly grown over the years and from experience it has assisted researchers and students while undertaking their studies. The resources in PubMed are also free and are written with the aim of promoting health and shedding light on matters health and the well-being of the population.

Article Two: Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans.

The economic impact of anti-microbial resistance has certainly be felt all over the world. The study conducted by researchers and published on the Annual review of public health illustrate that the use of antibiotics in factory farming or in the agriculture of animals has contributed to a greater extent to the antimicrobial resistance. CITATION Gab20 l 1033 (Gabriel K. Innes, 2020). The research study further indicates that when evaluating the economic impact of Anti-microbial Resistance, health economic evaluators have adopted complementary perspective. A great emphasis and research has been placed on the health care/ payer perspective, a mechanism and perspective that captures and records the increasing costs and expenditure in healthcare and where the increased expenditure is associated with the treatment of AMR. The article further indicates that the society is reporting tremendous serious economic losses and all are associated with anti-microbial resistance brought about by factory farming. The economic impact of anti-microbial resistance is characterized to the direct health care-related costs and some of the indirect societal costs. The estimates indicating economic cost of antimicrobial resistance is displayed by the addition of US$1,383 incremental cost to the treatment of bacterial infection. The increase translates to increase in the annual national health care health expenditure in the country which is estimated at US$ 2.2billion due to antimicrobial resistance. CITATION Gab20 l 1033 (Gabriel K. Innes, 2020).

The article is essential as it assist in the understanding of health and the serious economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance. It also helps to draw the attention to the topic and to understand that antimicrobial resistance is serious public health concern and it will keep growing if efforts and national and global policies and actions are not devised and implemented to fight the threat. Hence it will perfectly be used when elaboration on the economic impact of antimicrobial is being discussed in the paper.

Article Three: Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans.

A study published on the ScienceDirect journal highlights that antimicrobial abuse has become a serious problem and that it poses a major threat to animals and human health. In the peer-reviewed journal there is an indication that there antibiotic growth promoters should be done away with. CITATION Fei20 l 1033 (Feiyang Ma, 2020).

The document is important as it address and tackles the important topics to be handled in the study. There is a great segment on antimicrobial resistance in animals and its transmission to human beings. It gives history of the first cases of antimicrobial resistance which was first recorded in 1951 after streptomycin was fed to turkeys. CITATION MPS51 l 1033 (M.P. Starr., 1951). The article also gives a detailed list of the antibiotics, where resistance have been greatly observed in and how the transmission of the multi-drug resistant pathogens have been detected in raw meat in animals as well as in patients that are infected. Multi-drug resistant pathogens have emerged all over the world and have caused an estimate of 2million infections and 23,000 deaths in the US. Antimicrobial resistance has also led to serious failures in treatment and hence another clear indication that ant-microbial resistance is a significant threat to the global public health. CITATION Fei20 l 1033 (Feiyang Ma, 2020)The science Direct journal is termed as the world’s leading source for scientific technical and medical research. It gives on the opportunity to access the journals and the wonderful material in that website. The content is reliable and authentic with all set of organization and appropriate material to be used in research paper;

In conclusion, the above highlighted documents and articles will play a significant role in ensuring my paper builds up to becoming a well done research paper. Previously done articles are a well-spring of information and the insights from the scholarly articles and journals is profound. Antimicrobial resistance and its subsequent connection in farm animals should be looked at with a lot of curiosity and hence it is necessary to get the necessary information from the right channels.

References.

BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Christy Manyi-Loh, S. M. (2018). Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications. PubMed, 795.

Feiyang Ma, S. X. (2020). Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans. ScienceDirect, 450-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.09.004Gabriel K. Innes, P. R. (2020). External Societal Costs of Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans Attributable Antimicrobial Use in Livestock. PubMed Journal, 141-157.

M.P. Starr., D. R. (1951). Streptomycin resistance of coliform bacteria from turkeys fed streptomycin. American Journal of Public Health, 1375-1378.